Dynamic range in a camera determines its ability to capture what aspect?

Dynamic range in a camera refers to the range of luminance levels it can capture, specifically the difference between the darkest and brightest parts of an image. This capability is crucial for accurately representing various lighting conditions. A camera with a high dynamic range can capture details in both shadows and highlights, allowing for a more visually appealing and nuanced image.

In contrast, while color saturation, depth of field, and sharpness of detail are important aspects of photography, they do not primarily relate to dynamic range. Color saturation pertains to the intensity of colors, depth of field involves the focus range in an image, and sharpness refers to the clarity of detail. Therefore, the emphasis on brightness in connection with dynamic range directly aligns with how effectively a camera captures a spectrum of light, making it the most relevant choice.