What chemical is commonly used for the cryopreservation of cells?

DMSO (Dimethyl sulfoxide) is widely recognized as a key cryoprotectant used in the cryopreservation of cells. Its effectiveness stems from its ability to penetrate cell membranes easily, thereby reducing ice crystal formation during the freezing process. Ice crystals can cause significant damage to cellular structures, leading to decreased viability upon thawing. DMSO’s low toxicity at appropriate concentrations and its capacity to help maintain the integrity of cell membranes during the freezing and thawing process make it particularly suitable for preserving a variety of cell types, including stem cells and other sensitive cell lines.

While ethylene glycol and glycerol are also utilized as cryoprotectants, their applications are often more specialized compared to DMSO. Aqueous saline solution is not suitable for this purpose, as it does not protect against ice crystal formation and lacks the cryoprotective properties necessary for effective long-term preservation of cell viability.