Which of the following are NOT advantages of FISH diagnostics?

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a powerful cytogenetic technique that allows for the visualization of specific DNA sequences on chromosomes. While FISH has several advantages, it also has certain limitations, and understanding these is crucial for interpreting the results and utility of the assay.

The statement regarding advanced staining techniques is not considered an advantage of FISH diagnostics. In FISH, while some level of preparation is required to ensure that the DNA probes bind correctly, the term "advanced staining techniques" suggests a complexity that is typically not inherent to FISH procedures. FISH primarily utilizes fluorescently-labeled DNA probes and a straightforward hybridization process to visualized genetic material directly. This attribute contrasts with other cytogenetic methods that might require more elaborate staining protocols before analysis.

In contrast, the rapid detection of sex chromosomes, the ability to perform the assay without cell culture, and the straightforward analysis under a standard fluorescence microscope, are all advantages that make FISH an attractive option in clinical and research settings. These features allow for quick results, particularly in prenatal diagnostics and cancer cytogenetics, thus demonstrating why the other characteristics are considered beneficial in the context of FISH diagnostics.