Acute monocytic leukemia is categorized under AML M5. This particular subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is characterized by the proliferation of monocytic cells, which are a type of white blood cell. In AML M5, the leukemic cells can disrupt normal hematopoiesis and are specifically identified by the presence of monoblasts and promonocytes in the bone marrow.
One of the distinguishing features of AML M5 is the potential involvement of the peripheral blood and the ability to infiltrate various tissues, leading to more extensive signs and symptoms compared to other types of AML. The classification of AML into its various subtypes, such as M4 and M6, is based on the lineage of the leukemic cells, and M6 pertains to erythroleukemia, while M4 involves myelomonocytic leukemia—both of which are distinct from the characteristics of monocytic leukemia found in M5. Thus, the recognition of the leukemic cells in AML M5 helps in the diagnosis and tailored treatment strategies for affected patients.